ANALYSIS OF POLISH INNOVATION POLICY EVOLUTION AFTER JOINING THE EUROPEAN UNION

Abstract

The article examines the evolution of Poland’s innovation policy following its accession to the European Union in 2004. The relevance of the study is determined by the growing importance of innovation policy as a key factor in strengthening national competitiveness and ensuring sustainable economic development. Poland’s experience is particularly valuable for Ukraine in the context of European integration and the modernization of its national innovation system. The purpose of the study is to analyze the main stages in the evolution of Poland’s innovation policy after EU accession and to identify the institutional and financial mechanisms that ensured its effectiveness. The research is based on the analysis of scientific publications, strategic documents, legislative acts, and statistical indicators. Four stages of Poland’s innovation policy are identified: institutional formation (2004-2006), development of innovation infrastructure (2007-2013), transition to the Smart Specialisation model (2014-2020), and digital and green transformation (2021-2027). The proposed periodization is based on changes in EU financial programming periods, institutional reforms, legislative development, and strategic priorities. The study shows that the implementation of innovation policy was accompanied by increased R&D expenditure, greater business participation in innovation financing, effective use of EU financial instruments, and improved positions in international innovation rankings. The study concludes that the effectiveness of Poland’s innovation policy has been ensured through the combination of institutional reforms, long-term public support, and cooperation between government, research institutions, and business. Poland’s experience may serve as a useful reference for improving Ukraine’s innovation policy in the process of European integration.