FORMING VECTORS OF PUBLIC POLICY FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT: BENCHMARKING OF INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE FOR UKRAINE

Abstract

Modern transformations of the energy sector, driven by global decarbonization, digitalization,and the expansion of renewable energy sources, underscore the need to improve public policies for sustainable energy development. The purpose of this study is to develop public policy vectors for sustainable energy development through benchmarking international experience for Ukraine. The study is based on the assessment of the Energy Transition Index and the Energy Trilemma Index across 112 countries using k-means cluster analysis and benchmarking techniques.  The results revealed four clusters of countries characterized by distinct models of sustainable energy development and statistically significant differences in energy transition and Energy Trilemma performance indicators. Benchmark countries were identified within each cluster, enabling the determination of key policy instruments that support high levels of energy security, affordability, and environmental sustainability. Countries in the fourth cluster demonstrate the highest degree of balanced energy development and serve as reference models for the long-term modernization of energy systems. A key contribution of the study is the development of a matrix of public policy vectors for sustainable energy development, including institutional-stabilization (Jamaica, Nicaragua, and Mongolia), transformation (Austria and Bulgaria), diversification (the United Arab Emirates, Singapore, and Argentina), and innovation and integration (Sweden, Switzerland, Denmark, and Finland) directions. The innovation and integration vector is identified as the most relevant pathway for Ukraine, emphasizing energy-efficient technologies, integration into the European energy market, deployment of energy storage systems, and expansion of decentralized electricity generation. The findings can be applied in the formulation of energy security policies, the implementation of sustainable energy development strategies, and the design of post-war energy sector modernization initiatives in Ukraine.