EVOLUTION OF APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF THE CONCEPT OF ECONOMIC RESILIENCE

Abstract

The growing frequency and scale of global economic, social, environmental, and geopolitical shocks have significantly increased scientific interest in the concept of economic resilience. In the context of financial crises, pandemics, climate change, military conflicts, and technological transformations, the ability of economic systems to withstand disturbances, adapt to changing conditions, and ensure sustainable development has become a key subject of academic research and public policy. The purpose of this article is to investigate the evolution of scientific approaches to the interpretation of economic resilience, identify the main stages of the development of this concept, and systematize contemporary theoretical approaches to understanding resilience as an essential characteristic of modern economic systems. The study examines the genesis of the concept of resilience from its origins in the natural sciences to its subsequent adaptation within economic theory. Particular attention is paid to the transformation of resilience from a concept associated with the ability of physical systems to recover after external impacts into a multidimensional framework for analyzing the functioning of complex socio-economic systems. The article highlights the contribution of ecological studies, particularly the work of C. S. Holling, which laid the theoretical foundations for modern resilience research and influenced the emergence of resilience-oriented approaches in economics. The paper analyzes the main theoretical approaches to economic resilience, including the engineering, ecological, and evolutionary perspectives. The engineering approach interprets resilience as the capacity of a system to return rapidly to its pre-shock equilibrium state. The ecological approach emphasizes the ability of systems to absorb disturbances while maintaining their essential structures and functions. The evolutionary approach, which has become increasingly influential in contemporary economic research, focuses on adaptation, transformation, innovation, and the development of new growth trajectories in response to external challenges. The article also explores the role of international organizations, including the Organisation for Economic